beside the obvious one that is part tolerance, there is also the silicon lottery. the third thing that I think people are mostly missing or skeptic is the induction. all kinds of induction. everything is an antenna. we are playing with high gain audio amplifiers. ceramic caps create and are influenced by magnetic fields. but lets also be realistic, the induction depends on the presence of AC magnetic fields from both inside and outside the case. a shielded enclosure will mostly only get RF on the cable so there is a length of cable there that is radiating RF before it reaches the first RC low pass. RF + high gain can steal headroom if it is not filtered properly. even if it is it is not since it radiates from the jack to the switch. the more you RC filter this the more you increase the RF load through the wire (also an antenna) this also increases the current through the wire. I built a pedal with a LM386 into a TL072 and it was notorious for induction. this is a function of sensitivity to picking up noise and currents being used by the LM386. it makes no difference if the ripples are generated and picked up in the signal or in the power. for single ended signals the feedback loops are the same result with high gain amps. it does not matter if the noise is coupled to the power rails or to the signal and one of the power rails. it will be amplified at each gain stage. there is ground at 0 Ohms theoretically ideal and then there is ground at G > 0 Ohms. there is wire at 0 capacitance and then there is real wire including the leads of the part have C > 0. don't forget L > 0. all your transistors and opamps have different ground this is exactly what is coupling the induction and power ripple between builds. usually this is very very low less than 1 Ohm but a solder joint can vary depending on oxidation of the PCB and component leads. no one ever notices or records measurements of oxidation that can be as high as 10 Ohms or more even worse on the power or a transistor with beta 100+. you can sort all these things out but you really can't sort the silicon lottery past a point of Hfe and I know that manufacturer, part number and Hfe do NOT tell the story when you are trying to make consistent guitar pedals. it is much deeper than that. you need 4 dimensional data sets, not worth it to check a batch or to check a part. thats where I give up.