I've been reading up on the subject for a while, but a lot of my projects and ideas are in different stages of WIP, so take the following with the appropriate disclaimer.
For more complex audio projects, unfortunately the basic arduinos, teensys and the like don't do too well for signal processing, the main problem is that their analog-to-digital (ADC) and digital-to-audio (DAC) converters are not fast/precise enough to achieve reasonable fidelity. As such, they work better for control or generative purposes, ie. oscillators or lo-fi synths. This includes the ESPs, since even if they're faster the ADCs and DACs are still not good enough.
There are separate chips, audio codecs (combination of DAC and ADC) that have the features required for signal processing, which can be found in separate projects;
Teensy's have a separate Audio board ( https://www.pjrc.com/store/teensy3_audio.html ) and a guitar-oriented board in https://www.tindie.com/products/Blackaddr/arduino-teensy-guitar-audio-shield/ . For arduino there's a few music-oriented boards around, but nothing guitar-specific as such as far as I'm aware. Though you can use arduino environment to program the teensy as well, so arguably the previous ones are kind of the same if you don't look too closely
Then expanding the horizon a bit, you can go on to raspberry pis etc with their own audio stuff, but at that point there's either different audio processing environments to consider or more system issues to consider since the RPIs are running a full keyboard, mouse and monitor operating system (if you wish).
I have a bunch of stuff like this that I'm slowly working on, unfortunately hindered by a lack of time/energy and reliable electronics skills...
For more complex audio projects, unfortunately the basic arduinos, teensys and the like don't do too well for signal processing, the main problem is that their analog-to-digital (ADC) and digital-to-audio (DAC) converters are not fast/precise enough to achieve reasonable fidelity. As such, they work better for control or generative purposes, ie. oscillators or lo-fi synths. This includes the ESPs, since even if they're faster the ADCs and DACs are still not good enough.
There are separate chips, audio codecs (combination of DAC and ADC) that have the features required for signal processing, which can be found in separate projects;
Teensy's have a separate Audio board ( https://www.pjrc.com/store/teensy3_audio.html ) and a guitar-oriented board in https://www.tindie.com/products/Blackaddr/arduino-teensy-guitar-audio-shield/ . For arduino there's a few music-oriented boards around, but nothing guitar-specific as such as far as I'm aware. Though you can use arduino environment to program the teensy as well, so arguably the previous ones are kind of the same if you don't look too closely
Then expanding the horizon a bit, you can go on to raspberry pis etc with their own audio stuff, but at that point there's either different audio processing environments to consider or more system issues to consider since the RPIs are running a full keyboard, mouse and monitor operating system (if you wish).
I have a bunch of stuff like this that I'm slowly working on, unfortunately hindered by a lack of time/energy and reliable electronics skills...